As far as mobile limitations, we haven’t come across any for our 2D games. Our current project, which @nite mentions (A Quiver of Crows) is currently running on OSX and is in development for Windows/Mac/Linux. Cocos2d-x offers projects for Win32 and Windows 8.1 so we are expecting that the game should build fine (hopefully) without any code changes (we did try the Cocos2d-x Test project on Windows and it ran just fine).
Also, we did add controller support and are currently contributing that to the project. There are some features missing for desktop support, but since Cocos2d-x uses GLFW on desktop, it should be possible to add anything that is missing.